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Influence of Distributed Generation on Given Area of 22 kV Distribution Network
Samuel, Tomáš ; Bráblík, Libor (referee) ; Orságová, Jaroslava (advisor)
The Thesis deals with the current problem related to the connection of dispersive sources to the distribution network. The advantageous legislative support, however, gives a rapid rise to the sources of this kind. Current pricing philosophy favours in particular the growth of photovoltaic power plants. The introduction is aimed at the dispersive sources locating so as to give a comprehensive solution and better understanding of this issue. The equipments of this kind are located in accordance with legislation in force; however, it is necessary to formulate the possibilities of placing them from the view of rational use of the area with the aim of the public weal accordance of both public and private interests. Talking about connection of the new dispersive sources to the distribution network, it is important to mention the legislation, legal directives and regulations delimitating this kind of trade. This theme is the subject of another chapter of the work. Particular attention is paid to the regulation on conditions of connection to the distribution network. When connecting the sources to the distribution network the biggest technical problem from the view of electrical engineering is undesirable influence on the quality parameters (voltage) in this network. This is in particular the voltage change after connection, then, depending on the type of source, the emission of the current harmonic, sharp voltage change, etc. Considering current rise of the dispersive sources connected to the distribution network, more and more influence will appear in quantity parameters. For this reason there will be a lot of search for the methods of preventing from the negative influence on the network. From all of the above said reasons, the work is aimed at the operation analysis of the part of the distribution network, calculation of the network qualitative parameters and searching for the methods of negative influence rectification owing to switching processes of the distribution system. So as to determine the quantitative parameters we used the E-influence programme. Final paragraphs are devoted to the changes to come not only in legislation but, in general, in the approach of the distribution system operators not only to the ways of another connection of such sources but even the regulation of the dispersive sources already connected.
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Monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation
Kolacia, Tomáš ; Kolář, Vladimír (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis concerns monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation. Monitoring itself means measuring voltages and power flows and sending relevant data to the supervisory system. The first part of the thesis describes distribution systems with differences between individual voltage levels. The following chapter is focused on consequences of high share of renewable energy sources in distribution systems. Most of the problems are partially resolved by technical conditions for connection of the new power sources. However, difficulties with voltage regulation and uncontrolled power flows to higher voltage levels remain. These are the reasons for measuring voltages and currents in medium voltage networks. Second to last subhead of this chapter is dedicated to possible benefits of monitoring. The fourth part of the thesis deals with voltage and current sensors with their advantages and disadvantages. The best suitable devices are chosen in the end of the chapter. It is crucial to mention that sensors are only part of measuring system. Analog outputs from current or voltage transformers need to be converted to digital signal and further processed. After that required quantities are finally sent. Properties of these circuit cards are described in the sixth chapter. Following part aims to define a certain key that will determine the suitable locations for installation of the measurement. The final part of the thesis compares measured voltages and power flows from real 22 kV network with calculated values from computer program PAS DAISY Bizon.
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Methodology and data evaluation of conformance tests of A1 and A2 power generating modules
Bláha, Michal ; Drápela, Jiří (referee) ; Morávek, Jan (advisor)
The introductory part of the diploma thesis contains basic knowledge of the issue of Power Generating Module (particularly local) and a description of individual categories according to the EU Commission Regulation 2016/631, which are connected to the electricity system in the Czechia. In connection with this classification and the assignment of this work, the individual rules for connecting and operating Power Generating Module of categories A1 and A2 are further described. The work also deals with verifying the compliance and conformity of production modules with applicable legislation. The principles of verification of production units follow the newly proposed standard EN 50 549-10. The benefit of the work lies mainly in the preparation for the creation of a certified workplace, which will deal with custom measurement of production units. This preparation is based not only on the created test manual, but on two other important parts, such as the creation of evaluation scripts and the output protocol. The scripts will be used to process the measured data for individual tests and will provide a suitable graphical output of the unit, which will be placed in the output protocol. This protocol will thus be a comprehensive official measurement output of the tested unit.
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Ekonomická analýza energetického práva
Vystrčil, Filip
This thesis deals in detail with the economic analysis of energy law from the perspective of sanctions for offences defined in more detail by Czech and European legislation. The aim was to identify individual sanctions resulting from the Energy Act and to compare their effectiveness with the development of earnings before taxes of selected companies. The main finding was that the performance of energy companies and penalties for offences do not evolve at the same pace. The thesis concludes by recommending an amendment to the Energy Act to modify the existing categories of offences and to increase the maximum amount of fines set at a 'fixed rate' by at least the average increase in the consumer price index.
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Methodology and data evaluation of conformance tests of A1 and A2 power generating modules
Bláha, Michal ; Drápela, Jiří (referee) ; Morávek, Jan (advisor)
The introductory part of the diploma thesis contains basic knowledge of the issue of Power Generating Module (particularly local) and a description of individual categories according to the EU Commission Regulation 2016/631, which are connected to the electricity system in the Czechia. In connection with this classification and the assignment of this work, the individual rules for connecting and operating Power Generating Module of categories A1 and A2 are further described. The work also deals with verifying the compliance and conformity of production modules with applicable legislation. The principles of verification of production units follow the newly proposed standard EN 50 549-10. The benefit of the work lies mainly in the preparation for the creation of a certified workplace, which will deal with custom measurement of production units. This preparation is based not only on the created test manual, but on two other important parts, such as the creation of evaluation scripts and the output protocol. The scripts will be used to process the measured data for individual tests and will provide a suitable graphical output of the unit, which will be placed in the output protocol. This protocol will thus be a comprehensive official measurement output of the tested unit.
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Monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation
Kolacia, Tomáš ; Kolář, Vladimír (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis concerns monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation. Monitoring itself means measuring voltages and power flows and sending relevant data to the supervisory system. The first part of the thesis describes distribution systems with differences between individual voltage levels. The following chapter is focused on consequences of high share of renewable energy sources in distribution systems. Most of the problems are partially resolved by technical conditions for connection of the new power sources. However, difficulties with voltage regulation and uncontrolled power flows to higher voltage levels remain. These are the reasons for measuring voltages and currents in medium voltage networks. Second to last subhead of this chapter is dedicated to possible benefits of monitoring. The fourth part of the thesis deals with voltage and current sensors with their advantages and disadvantages. The best suitable devices are chosen in the end of the chapter. It is crucial to mention that sensors are only part of measuring system. Analog outputs from current or voltage transformers need to be converted to digital signal and further processed. After that required quantities are finally sent. Properties of these circuit cards are described in the sixth chapter. Following part aims to define a certain key that will determine the suitable locations for installation of the measurement. The final part of the thesis compares measured voltages and power flows from real 22 kV network with calculated values from computer program PAS DAISY Bizon.
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Influence of Distributed Generation on Given Area of 22 kV Distribution Network
Samuel, Tomáš ; Bráblík, Libor (referee) ; Orságová, Jaroslava (advisor)
The Thesis deals with the current problem related to the connection of dispersive sources to the distribution network. The advantageous legislative support, however, gives a rapid rise to the sources of this kind. Current pricing philosophy favours in particular the growth of photovoltaic power plants. The introduction is aimed at the dispersive sources locating so as to give a comprehensive solution and better understanding of this issue. The equipments of this kind are located in accordance with legislation in force; however, it is necessary to formulate the possibilities of placing them from the view of rational use of the area with the aim of the public weal accordance of both public and private interests. Talking about connection of the new dispersive sources to the distribution network, it is important to mention the legislation, legal directives and regulations delimitating this kind of trade. This theme is the subject of another chapter of the work. Particular attention is paid to the regulation on conditions of connection to the distribution network. When connecting the sources to the distribution network the biggest technical problem from the view of electrical engineering is undesirable influence on the quality parameters (voltage) in this network. This is in particular the voltage change after connection, then, depending on the type of source, the emission of the current harmonic, sharp voltage change, etc. Considering current rise of the dispersive sources connected to the distribution network, more and more influence will appear in quantity parameters. For this reason there will be a lot of search for the methods of preventing from the negative influence on the network. From all of the above said reasons, the work is aimed at the operation analysis of the part of the distribution network, calculation of the network qualitative parameters and searching for the methods of negative influence rectification owing to switching processes of the distribution system. So as to determine the quantitative parameters we used the E-influence programme. Final paragraphs are devoted to the changes to come not only in legislation but, in general, in the approach of the distribution system operators not only to the ways of another connection of such sources but even the regulation of the dispersive sources already connected.
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